High-speed railway.



T. L. JOHNSON, DEUD.

M. J JOHNSON, ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY. APPLICATION FILED APR.6.1906. RENEWED NOV.12. 190R.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 1 Jim/en (on T. L JOHNSON, DECD.

J. JOHNSON, ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY APPLIOATION rum) APK.6,1906. RLNBWED NOV. 12. 1908.

Patented Mar. 17, 19M

' 9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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M. J. JOHNSON, ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY. APPLICATION FILED APR.6,1906. RENEWED NOV. 12 1908.

1,090,213. Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PVT f7 e O'd J FI 4 fl-nventon 5 QAQLKXQLW 5- SW (S;

-T. L. JOHNSON, DEU'D.

[-1. J, JOHNSON, ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH $PEED RAILWAY APPLICATION FILED APR.6,1906 RENEWED NOV.12.1UOB 1,090,213. Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

SREETS-SIIBET 4.

Min eases (542W 1 3 T. L. JOHNSON, DECD.

M J. JOHNSON. Anxmxsnnmx.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY.

APPLICATION FILED APR.6, 1906. RENEWED NOV. 12. 1908.

1,090,213. Patented Mar. 17, 1914 FFZF I 9 SHEETS-SHEET 6, 5 $11 H M 41 a DECD.

M J. JOHNSON. ADMINISTRATRIX.

T. L. JOHNSON HIGH SPEED RAILWAY.

APPLICATION FILED APRG, 1306. RENEWED NOV.12.1908,

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

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T. L. JOHNSON, DEC'D. M. J. JOHNSON, ADKINIQTEATEIX. HIGH SPEED RAILWAY. APPLIOATIQN FILED APB..6, 1906. RENEWED NOV. 12. 190B. 1 .09Q,21 3. Patented Mar. 17, 191i 9 SHEETk-SHEET 7.

Wi'tfn eo'o'eo' Jnvenfaz? ww /wa 3m g Wi /L W T. L. JOHNSON, DEGD.

M. J. JOHNSON, ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY.

APPLICATION FILED APE.6,1906. RENEWED NOV. 12. 190B. 1 ,O90,21 3.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8. f .4 14. 3

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I L. JCHNSQN, UECD.

T J JOHNSONv ADMINISTRATRIX.

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY.

APBLICATXON FILED APR\6.1906 RENEWED NOV. 12, 1908. 1,090,213.

L2 r /l IL I 4/ f /////i// r r I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TOM L. JOHNSON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO; MARGARET J. JOHNSON ADMINISTBATRIX SAID TOM L. JOHNSON, DECEASED.

HIGHSPEED RAILWAY.

Application filed April 6, 1906. Serial No. 310,335.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914. Renewed November 12, 1908. Serial No. 462,241.

T 0 all whom it may concern Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and 1 State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in High-Speed Railways, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the present invention is to provide a high speed railway in which the various parts of the installation are pos scsscil of the characteristics necessary to insure successful operation.

In the attainment of high speeds it has been found that, independently of the capacity of the motor for developing the speed sought, there are limiting factors introduced by the centrifugal strains on the rotating parts and by the friction generated by the surfaces of the moving parts of the motor and the vehicle. The friction arising from the moving pans of the motor and the power transmitting apparatus may be gcneraily classed as internal friction. That friction developed between the vehicle and its support, the track, may he called external.

()ne of the features of my invention is an arrangement whereby the vehicle is caused to advance without l'naterial friction at any point. In the development of this feature, I have produced a system in which the car rying, trucks have shoes which hear, when at rest, directly upon a guiding track but which have. during movement of the car. no 1 considerable frictional contact with the said guiding track, since the whole or any desired portion of the weight of the car will be magnetically sustained with absence of external friction, through the novel mechanism which I have devised. Further, the

parts. Inasmuch, therefore, as I have thus been able to eliminate both external and internal friction, centrifugal strain and reciprocative movement from mv motive system, it will be readily comprehended by engineers, and others, skilled in the art, that a practically-unlimited speed may be attained.

Maay improvements in details are associated with the above mentioned features. as wilt appear more fully below. 1

In the drawings, Figure l is a side clevation partly broken away, showing a carriage and the. manner of mounting the trucks therefor upon the u'ackvay. Fig. 2 is an end elevation, with certain parts omitted, of one of the trucks, showing it in p0 sition on the tracliway which is partlv in section and partly broken away. Fig 3 is a side elevation of a truck showing part of the overhead plate of the tracltway thereover which latter broken to SllOW the structure of the short, longitudinal, Contact strips. Fig. 4 is :1 top plan partly broken away showing the same parts as in Fig. 3. Fig 5 is a diagram showing connections between the feeds, contact strips and crosswise ribbons along the trackway. Fig. 6 is an end view of the overhead plate, which carries the current feeds, Contact strips and ribbons. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the crosswise ribbons on the motor truck, their brushes, and the shunt leads to the motor magnet. Fig. 8 is a diagran illustrating the winding of the motor magnet and the system whereby the flow through the coils may be automatically regulated to produce the desired amount of flotation. Fig. 9 is a perspective view taken from the upper face of one of the Sections illt'tt are made up of the aforesaid strips motiv means which I employ, is electric, and in the. form illustrated, comprises a magnetnfield maintained between the fixed track-wav and the movable vehicle, and means or passing an electric through the field m such manner as to distort the same and produce a traveling motihn on the part of the vehicle. The dis tcrtion of the field and the consequent travcling motion is obtained without the utilization of a motor having movable parts: thus. duringthe travel of the vehicle. it will be free from internal friction and also from strain arising from rotating or reciprocating tratcd, of the overhead type, although it.

Figs. ll, 12. 13, 1t, 15 and 16 are diagrams current and ribbons and are fixed along the trackwa v. Fig. 10 IS a. perspective view taken from beneath, of one of the same sections,

explanatory of the movement of the car through distortion of the magnetic field. Figs. 1?. l8 and 19 are diagrams explanatory of the action of the split solenoid, composed of the CIO -SNisQ ribbons on the motor truc and overhead ribbons connected therewith, in assisting in the movement of the car.

The trackway is, in the form here illusmay obviously be of any typo. ansl it car ried on channel beam standards A. having supporting brackets A projecting therefrom to allow clearance for moving; cars or vehicles. Inasmuch as the rails have the function of guides for the track all I use a construction in which there are upper, lower and side Walk; or surfaces; for limiting, the movement of the trucks. Theqe guirlc .are thus troughlihe in tlicir form ano' may have therciiii something for the purpose of reducing tho fr'rtion Whcncier the truck shoes bear thereon.

Extending across the traclaw'ay and 0:11 ried by the opposite, parallel girders A? is the top plate l? which of suitable material and conatrnction or conducting mag netic: flux. The said top properly constructed. to witlis iilil tlat- 'lf iought thereon whcn the rmg ht oi the: 11-; netioally supported tlwreb after ner below th-seriiml. and it nil at evident. that man structural (hrit; than the single form .shonn frenth, may be adopted. This plate i channelled at vuch side on its lower face to rcceix'c tho electric current feeds and other necessary parts to be subsequently described, oral l v by virtue of the two parallel channels. ll ll. :1 central longitudinal rib B projecting downwardly and also a downwardly projecting rih ll along each outer edge.

The truck C which carries the car sup ported, when at rest, by properly shaped shoes C C inclosed inv the guida rails. These shoes are of such (llITMEHSlOHS that suilieient play may be had to prrinjt of turning of curves and the lifting of the truck so that no vertical prc=snre shall be borne by the rail. The truck bod like the top plate. so constructed aml of such material as to be magnetically conductive, and is, also like the top plate, cln nnelctl on each side but on its upper face, forming a central rib C and side ribs C C which approach face i to face the ribs B B B of the top plate 1 nectcd with the next to the innermost strip and are in proximity thereto when the track is on the trackway. The channels; (P C" thus produced are for tho purpose of receiving horizontal coils-1 D l) and also the hrush j mechanism of the split solenoid to he ilescrihed below. These coils, which are op positely Wound, see diagram in Fig. are for the purpose of causing a vertical magnetic flow which passes fr m the central rib C on the truck body. into the central rib B depending from the top plate, down from The impi' rtant point magnetic lines of top plate and lift the shoca C C from the track and reduce the. friction during travel after a. mlllllltl and nniler :1 control subseqnrinly to he ilUS l'll Ql.l.

The clmnnel: (in the l wer lace of the top plate rcr-eire ihv rlerii': wrwnt tteils E" l? 21ml the contact rti'iy by which the curreint in lhirlF-iil [hi-(nigh a longitudinally split solenoid. the iircs for the upper half of which s lenoid are lixiil to (ho top plate, while the WlIt'S for the lon'cr lmlt'aro iixeil to the tench and connection between the two halves of the solenoid, obtained by brushes on the truck traveling along the contact strips aforesaid.

By reference to Figs. 2 4. 5, 9 and 10 it will be noted that the cimtact strips are in short ltmgthe; lllllflllf upgin'to groups or scoli ns; SlhrWfl in Fig. 5) anal l0 and are Fc mratml by intervening insulation. They are held too-ether by: any suitable means such as a tranmcrsely extending insulated bolt, other the groups or sections themselves being susliilllled from the top plate in the parallel channels by inaulatcrl hangers. In the consirnciicn illustrated l have placed eleven r':l'l.l]')5 of earl. group in one channel. To the strips in channel ll I have applicd the ref- (YPHFP letters F F F F F F F l F F l" and to those in channel B" l lime aprilied the reference letters G G G G G Gr U l" G G. Connected with and extending crosswise from each contact strip but one, is a copper ribbon H H ll, etc, which in connected at its other end to another strip in group in the opposite parallel channel.

A similar connection is made from each one. of the feel wires E to one of the strips, making twelve cross ribbons in each group. These Wire connections, which are here shown in the form of broad ilnl, innulatcel, ribbons, are So arranged that the fieilcr E or E in. each channel is cono -eieil with th innermost strip G or F in the opposite channel. The outermost strip F or G in each channel is likewise con-- 3 or F in the, parallel channel, and the other connections are similar.

The trunk hotly carries, similarly to the top plate, a series of insulated ('ruSsWiSC conducting ribbons l" l, etc, which extend from one to the other of the channels in the upper face of thc lrucli'. anil which are connected at each end with brushes K K K 020.. designed to ride agaimt the contact strips to which the cIflSaWlSO ribbons in the top plate are connected.

llyrcference particolarly to Figs. 5 and 7. it will he seen that the briishcs and other is are. so disposed that current passes and forth. alternately through thorib Will-J m the truck, and the ribbons of the ckway or track. For a complete understanding of this important part ofmy ini vention, a detailed description of the cir- I of Fig.5.

cuits is given below.

Let it be assumed that the feedconductor E" is positive and that the feed conductor E is negative, and let it be assumed that'the conductors I to I of the truck are beneath the conductors H to H on the lower half (The lastrnine of these conductors are'not designated, but it will -be'un derstood that they are the conductors-which might be designated H to H respectively). Current will now pass from feed conductor E to the right alon the upper conductor H to contact stripG thence downthro'ugh the contact brush- Kt thence to jthe; left along the lower conductor I Q to, brush sK;

thence to the upper contact strip If; thence to the left by the upper. cross conductor H"- to contact stri G; thence-flown "through the brush K t ience to the. left along-lower cross conductor I to brush Kt; thence up to contact strip F"; thence across the u per;

cross conductor H 'to strip G1; thence own through'brushli thencetbithe; it alongthe lower cross-conductor I to brush K; thence up to contact strip F thence tot-the right along the upper cross conductor Ht-to;

C-;' thence down through brush K; thence to the left along the lower contact strip contact strip I to brusll- 'K .;--th'e'nce-up to contact strip F; thence to the right across uppercross conductor ;H*'' to contact strip;

G thence down thr0ugh brush, K'; thence tothe left along I, up through brush-K to strip-F; thence along the upper cross conductor H to contact strip G 3E'the1icedown through brush 'K, th'ence tothevleft along lower cross conductor I; thence up through brush K to contact, strip ,F-;- thence through upper cross conductorHT to contact strip G etc.',-across to theright, throughthe remaining cross conductorsj H" to H' andto the left along the lower crossconductors IT, to 1, until finally cross conductor H is reached-which extends to the negativefeed conductor E andiw'hich completes the circuit through the split solenoich ductor H and the lower cross conductor H is cut out of circuit. The circuitmay now be traced as follows: From the feed wire E through the conductor H near the middle of F 5 to the right, to the contact strip G; thence down through contact brush K, thence to the left along lower cross conductor I to brush K, thence up brush K to contact strip F thence as before across upper cross conductor H" (near the Bottom of the sheet); thence down through the brush K thence to the left along the lower cross con uctor I thence up contact brush K to contact strip F; thenceto .theright through the upper cross conductor H, etc., until conductor H is reached, and the circuit, is again completed. Now, assuming that the leading brush K comes nearly opposite the contact strip H near the middle of Fig. 5; thence the upper cross conductor H? 'will be cut'into circuit and the lower "cross conductor H will becut out of circuit.

.This same action takes place continuously as'the truck moves alongthestationary element or trackway.

The arran ement of the upper and lower Icrossw se'rib ons and their. brushes is such that a split solenoid is produced, through which and along the exterior of-which a magnetic flux will flow when a current is passed. The linesof-magneticflow through and along the outside ot.this solenoid will,;

of course, be essentially horizontal. and longitudinal in direction, with reference'to the truck body, and therefore through and transverse the previously mentioned vert i- A cal flow between the central ribs of the truck and top plate. Obviously, the result of such a'condition will be a distortion of the vertical' lines of force opposed by a tendency upon their part to straighten and, shorten their path', but inasmuch as the top ribis fixed to'the'trackway and the bottom rib is fixed to the movable t'ruck, the net result 'i sa movementof the truck.

'By reversing the switch which controls the direction of the current through the truck coils the direction of the magnetic flow between the central ribsof the truck and the top plate will of course be reversed; Such a reversal, or a reversal ln'the direction of current through the split solenoid by any suitable means, is found to cause a reversal as to direction of the pull. The theory upon which this action may be ex- (liagram shown in Figsll, 12 and 13. Inthese diagran'is a few of the crosswise ribbons which compose the split solenoid, are indicated by ordinary circles and shown as somewhat spaced apart. The magnetic flow between the central ribs of the truck and top. nlaic are indicated by more or less vertical lines having arrow points thereon. The direction of current flow through the upper and lower wires of the solenoid and the cir cular magnetic field created about such wires are ndicated in the conventional mannor in Figs. 12 and 13. In lfigally the 'plainccl will be clear by referring to-the I magnetic lines are supposcdto flow upward fromlthe lower rib aud arc shown in their normal location pursuing the shortest path in a straight line. In this diagram, no current. is fiowmg' through the upper. cross conductors H to II", and the lower cross conductors I .to I"- which makeup the solenoid. In Fig. 12, the flow of the current through the solenoid winding is indicated as being away from the observer in the lower wires and toward the observer in the upper ists and as long as acur-rentthrough the solenoid wires is maintained, .agmovement wires. This induces circular magnetic fields having the direction indicated by the circular arrows about the wires. The vertical flux still being in the same direction as in Fig. 11, will attempt to pass through the 'fields created by the solenoid windings,-but

these fields-will. have the effect, due to their individual direction, of crowdin and distorting'the vertical lines after t e manner indicated.

Inasmuch as'the tendencyof all lines-of force. is to pass in the straightest possible path, there will obviously exist a tension between the upper and lower poles or ribspne .of which is, in] the present construction, movable. The result of such a condition 'is that the movable rib and the structure attached thereto, advances toward the ri ht in this figure. If now, the direction 0 flow on the art" of the verticallinesofiiorce he reverse and the current through the solenoid wires maintained, the distortion of the vertical lines will be indicated in Fig. 13,

.with the result that the lower or movable;

rib fixed to the truck body will move toward the left. Thus, itwill seen thaLas long as the vertically disposed magnetic fiow exof the truck in one direction or the other will continue. In pointofiact, however, 1 the wires composing.- the solenoid are made" in the form broad, flat,r1bbons, wh1ch are.

' socloscl placed. side by side",t t hat t'he'individual magnetic fields induced, merge, as in the case of all solenoids, with the result that a coutinuous 'flow through the solenoid and along the exterior thereoi will be induced somewhat as diagrammaticallyindicated .in Figs. 15 and 1(3. The etl'e ct 'of this induced field will, as a whole, be similar to that... obtained by the iudividualwires shown in diagrams of Figs. 12 and 13. For example, the mean path of the vertical lines of force may be regarded as indicated by the line in Fig. 14 when there is no current passing through the solenoid. l)i;- torli n of this mean path may be regarded indicated by the line dc in Fig. 15 when a current passes through the solenoid. in such wise as to. induce the horizontal ma netic field to have thedire'ction of {low indicated by the arrows. It will of course be understood that when the direction of either the vertical magnetic field or the horizontal How is '6 reversed, the distortionof the vertical'field is also reversed, as indicated bythe liru'a'd- -e 6-. -.the-* representing the mean path in Fi Thus, I am enabled not onlylto hit truck off of-the track rails, by means of the magnetic field created by the coils about the truck body but by continuous distortion of the field to secure progressive movement.

his to be noted-that while the above'description sets forth the rincipleof operation of-the motor-throng distort-ion of the about'the truck body, there is alsoa certain pulling effect obtained by means of the s lit solenoid alone, which is so overbalanc derstood-by referring particularly to Figs,

owing to the disposition of brush o'onnec tions, there will be a current; passing through twelve {of .the overheadcilosswise ribbons swung so as to be in the lead in either'direction with reference tO- tlut brushes K K" K, etc; Theopposite sidesfofthe solenoid are thus imbalanced and 's' i'pc one part is movable there will be a teidency for the parts to assume the relation indicatcdin Fig.'1 8

wherein the balance between them is adjust-J ed. But as soon as the truck bearing the lower part of the solenoid advances tosuch a position of apparenthalarfc'e, the leading brush, moving tlwrowith. will "cut in the overhead ribbon in'nnodiately in advance of the group of twelve which previously con n. construction as to assistin the movement of the truck independently of distortion of the magnetic field aforesaid. This may be un- :75, vertical magnetic field created by the-coils 17,18 and 19. It being borne in mind thatgi stituted the uppi-r part of the solen id and the movement of the same brush will cut out the rear-most ribbon of said group, creating the condition indicated in Fig. 15). This condition iscven more unbalanced than t hat previously? described and the parts wlll be again pulled to occupy positions indicated ,29, by Figs. 17, 18 and 19 successively, the $010 noid bcin continuously self-constructive as D the lower part advances.

It is to be noted that whilethe solenoid is V overbalanced'in the present case by the dif= .fere'nce between the number ot. upper and lower ribbons in action at one time, it may be over-balanced byother constructions even when the same number i rd Lens are in s1- multaneous action above and beiow. For instance, the metal of the rib on the truck may be extended farther beyond the olenoid in one direction than in the other, thus decreasing the nuignetic reluctance for the lines of force passing around that end and thereby creating the same unbalanced condition as above described, which the solenoid will continuously tend to rectify by move ment in the proper direction. But. this rectification will never be attained by reason of the fact that the movement of the lower section of the solenoid shifts the connections with the overhead ribbons in such manner as to continuously maintain the said unbal-- anced condition.

Thus it, will be seen that l have successfully combined in one motor two different motive forces, each of which is attainable through the medium of the split solenoid, as described. Now the i'novement of the truck .in no manner affects the continued existence of the split solenoid since the lower half, with its brushes, is mo 'able with the truck and the upper half, with its contact rails, is practically continuous along the trackway. Therefore, movement of the truck will not destroy the solenoid, which will be con tinuously maintained by the formation of new connections between the lower and upper ribbons as fast as the old connections are broken.

By interposing controlling devices the strength of the vertical magnetic pull can be regulated, and in fact this is necessary in order to avoid pulling the truck up. so that its shoes hear heavily against the upper guides of the trackway, Fig. 8 illustrates diagraphicarlly how the vertical lift is antomatically controfld.

As shown, shunt wires L L take the current from the ends of that'portion of the split solenoid carried by the truck and conduct it through a rheostat L and reversing switch L to the truck coils D" D I have attached an oscillating conducting arm I) to the rheostat, which arm is controlled by a couple of permanent s lenoids L L connected in parallel with the shunt loads at the switch. Their connection is controlled at some point L by a suitable mechanical device which is designed to throw the current through either solenoid in turn. In the form shown'the mechanical device referred to consists of a pivoted arm L insulated from, but secured to. the truck in some way so that, upon the truck shoes rising to upper side of the guide rail, the arm will be swung to make connection through that solenoid L tending to operate the rheostatso that the rt'sistance is increased. \Vhen the truck shoes drop, so as to rest upon the rail. cohncction tl'irough the first solenoid will be broken but established through the second solenoid, thereby opcratin the rheostat to cut (nit resistance. It will plain that this arrangement will maintain the truck shoes out of permanent Frictional contact with the upper or lower guides and the car will be drawn forward without hindrance.

The circuit of the coils 1), I) may be traced as follows" Assuming that L is the positive conductor and If the negative current will pas by way of the conductor L to the reversing switch and if the blades (not shown) of the reversing switch are thrown to the right so as to engage the pair of contacts to the right of the middle pair of con tacts, thence the current will pass through the reversing switch and thence by way of conductor L to the rheostat L From the rhcostat the current will pass by conductor L to the coils D and D and thence again to the reversing switch and to the conductor L The solenoid coils L, L are connected to the reversing switch in shunt to the coils l), D by conductors l1 and L, connected, as shown, to the middle contacts of the reversing switch.

There may be many alterations in the details and relations of parts as here shown and described and 1 do not limit myself to such, since I desire to claim broadly the novel features which cln'uacterize my ap paratus.

I claim- 1. In an electric traction system, a truck, a stationary element along which the truck is adapted to move and having a portion above the truck, and means for creating both a tractive and a lifting effect on the truck, comprising means for creating a magnetic field which passes between the stationary element and the truck, and means for distorting said field in the direction that the truck is adapted to move.

2. In an electric traction system .a truck and astationary clement along which the truckis adapted to move and having a portion above the truck, means" for creating both a lifting and a tractive effect on the truck, comprising means carried by the truck for establishing a magnetic field which passes between the truck and said stationary element, and means for distorting said mag-- netic field so as to cause the field to have both a vertical and a horizontal component.

3. An electric traction system comprising a stationary element and truck adapted to move along the stationary element and hav ing a portion beneath the latter, means for creating both a lifting and a tractive effect on said truck, comprising a magnet carried by the truck for creating a magnetic field which passes between the truck and stationary element, and means for distorting the magnetic field in a horizontal direction thereby causing the pull of the magnet to have both a vertical component and a horizontal component.

4. In a traction system, a stationary etc ment and a truth mlr tpletl, to be nniwtl along,- the same the trurk having a part extending bclon the stationary elmnent, means carried by tin; trnck for creating a magnetic field \vhirh passes between the truck and station-- ary element and has a lifting effect on the truck, and means arranged partly on the trurkv and purtlv almig the stationary eleiuvnt fur (ll l lli J :nitl nnigg nrtin field no that the pull ml the magnetic firld 0n the truth has n horizuntul uunpunent and :1 tract ire cllwt.

3. In a trwtion system, a stntiwnary alt:- nu-nt and a truck adapted to move along the stationary element, tlmtruck having a part: below Sill l element, nwzms for creating a n'mgnt-tic lleltl which passes between thi'; trurk and SltIllOUfIII rlcmQ-nt and trntls to lilt tho truvl: :uli'litimml nunms t'nr musing said magmatic field to hare a trmttive m prupvlling; client on the trurl; comprising a solvnoid winding carrier] partly by the truck and partly by the stz'itio'nary element the part, vnrrierl by the truth miiperatin'g with and completing: the (lICNllZ through the part carried by the, stnttiornlry e10 lent.

ment and n truck :uluptu] to rnore'alnng the stationary element, Silltl truck being l0- cuter] below at portinn of the rncnt, means carried by the truck for (treat-- ing a magnetic fiehl which passes through a portion of tilt," stutinnury element and has a lifting client n the truck, and means for fluifihlzlllcfllly regu ating; the extent of the l lifting etl'ect cmnprising a regulator for i regulating the effectivu strength of said magnetic field, elrctriuaily tiperzitari means for actuating said regulator, anrl means comprising a mnvabie device carried by the truck for automatically controlling said electrically operated means.

7. In combination, 3 truck and a stationary elcnwnt, and means partly on the truck and partly along the stationary element atrnnnwl tn cant; itut'e a olenoid Winding.

8. In ft truciiun yst0m, a statinnary eleintuit. anal truck :iulnpiml to move along the ntatinnnry element a solenuid C'Oll carried partly by the truck and partly by the stationary eimnvut, the truck ha ing brushes hinh rniipt-rutn with the part axtrrifid by the stationary element tn rompltte the solelmi-zl rirruit.

i 'ln combiinniiui, a truck, 1:. stationary lvjneni' along which the trunk adapted to mow, muffins tflit'lpl'lSllig a plurality of c0n- (luCt'nrs fifttl'iet'l by the stationary element and a. plurality of conductors carried by the truck arrnngul to constitute a solenoid winding, one and of that portinn 0f the solej nniil winding carried by the stationary statinnziry ele- 1 elvnlcnt being displaced, lengthwime of the 6. In a traction system, a stationary elestationary element relati e to the correspunrling (-nal 0f the portjifln carried by the truck, where y they tun pm'tifins 0 the winding nrc nrigrnrticully imbalanced.

11 tcstinmny wherwnf, I hereunto afiix my hlgllfiltlt'i} in tlna pint DC? of We witnesses.

TQM L. JOHNSON.

Witnenses: V

IL Rt SULLWAN, WVA. CAREY. 

